Effect of diurnal temperature range on the number of elderly inpatients with ischemic stroke in Hunan Province / 中华预防医学杂志

Objective: To study the effect of diurnal temperature range on the number of elderly inpatients with ischemic stroke in Hunan Province. Method: Demographic and disease data, meteorological data, air quality data, population, economic and health resource data of elderly inpatients with ischemic stroke were collected in 122 districts/counties of Hunan Province from January to December 2019. The relationships between the diurnal temperature range and the number of elderly inpatients with ischemic stroke were analyzed by using the distributed lag non-linear model, including the cumulative lag effect of the diurnal temperature range in different seasons, extremely high diurnal temperature range and extremely low diurnal temperature range. Results: In 2019, 152 875 person-times were admitted to the hospital for ischemic stroke in the elderly in Hunan Province. There was a non-linear relationship between the diurnal temperature range and the number of elderly patients with ischemic stroke, with different lag periods. In spring and winter, with the decrease in diurnal temperature range, the risk of admission of elderly patients with ischemic stroke increased (Ptrend<0.001, Ptrend=0.002);in summer, with the increase in diurnal temperature range, the risk of admission of elderly patients with ischemic stroke increased (Ptrend=0.024);in autumn, the change in the diurnal temperature range would not cause a change in admission risk (Ptrend=0.089). Except that the lag effect of the extremely low diurnal temperature range in autumn was not obvious, the lag effect occurred in other seasons under extremely low and extremely high diurnal temperature ranges. Conclusion: The high diurnal temperature range in summer and the low diurnal temperature range in spring and winter will increase the risk of admission of elderly patients with ischemic stroke, and the risk of admission of elderly patients with ischemic stroke will lag under the extremely low and extremely high diurnal temperature ranges in the above three seasons.

Network pharmacology-based study on mechanisms of Danhong Injection in treatment of aspirin resistance / 中国中药杂志

This paper aims to discuss the potential targets,pathways and possible mechanisms of Danhong Injection in treatment of aspirin resistance by using network pharmacology concept and network analysis technique. Active ingredients and potential targets of Danhong Injection were collected from TCMSP database and the ingredients were further screened based on their topological characteristics. The active ingredients with nodal degree of freedom≥9 were selected as the main active ingredients. Targets related to aspirin resistance were collected from Genecards database. Drug-active ingredient-target-disease network was constructed by using Cytoscape3. 7. 0,and Funrich 3. 1. 3 software was used for gene enrichment analysis. Sixty main active ingredients were screened out from 110 active ingredients of Danhong Injection,including 51 ingredients in Salviae Miltiorrhizae Radix et Rhizoma and 11 ingredients in Carthami Flos,2 of which were both in Salviae Miltiorrhizae Radix et Rhizoma and Carthami Flos. In addition,159 potential targets were collected. The results of gene enrichment analysis showed that Danhong Injection could improve aspirin resistance mainly through21 pathways involving coagulation process,inflammatory response and metabolism. This study revealed the effects of Danhong Injection for improving aspirin resistance in multi-component,multi-target and multi-pathway means mainly through regulation in coagulation process,inflammatory response and metabolism,providing more abundant information and basis for subsequent research and experimental work.

Intermittent aerobic exercise decreases blood pressure of hypertensive nephropathy rat by up-regulated expression of adrenomedullin / 中国康复医学杂志

Objective:To probe the effect of intermittent aerobic exercise on adrenomedullin secretion of kidney in hypertensive nephropathy rat (HNR),and investigate the renal mechanism for exercise in the prevention and treatment of hypertension.Method:Thirty-two HNRs were divided into two groups:intermittent exercise group (Group IAE) and control group (Group C).The IAE group performed intermittent treadmill exercise for 8 weeks and their blood pressure was measured before and after exercise by tail pressure of HNR,and serum ADM was detected by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay.Adrenomedullin (ADM) was expressed in kidney by immunohistochemistry.Quantification of specific receptor RAMP2 and CRLR in kidney ADM was detected by immunoblotting.Result:The blood pressure in the Group IAE was significantly lower than that in the Group C(P＜ 0.05).The expression of ADM of kidney and serum in the Group IAE was obviously higher than that in the Group C.The quantity of RAMP2 and CRLR in kidney was obviously increased(P ＜ 0.05).Conclusion:Intermittent aerobic exercise increases serum ADM of HNR with the up-regulated expression of ADM in kidney and their specific receptor CRLR and RAMP2.The increase of serum ADM induced by intermittent aerobic exercise may be related to the change of ADM and the regulation of its specific receptor which may be one of the mechanisms for intermittent aerobic exercise in the prevention and treatment of hypertension.

Gender-Specific Reference Charts of Fetal Head Circumference in a Singaporean Population

<p><b>INTRODUCTION</b>With the global outbreak of Zika virus and its association with microcephaly, an up-to-date fetal head circumference (HC) nomogram is crucial to offer a reference standard in order to make an accurate diagnosis. This study was conducted to revise the local fetal HC nomogram.</p><p><b>MATERIALS AND METHODS</b>In this retrospective study, ultrasound data was used for construction of the fetal HC nomogram from a total of 6155 pregnancies in the ethnic Chinese population with low risk profile at KK Women's and Children's Hospital over a 10-year period. Regression model was fitted to calculate the mean and standard deviation of HC at each gestational age (GA). Comparison of HC between ethnic groups (no significant differences) and genders were made. The revised chart was compared with another commonly used reference chart (Hadlock). In an independent test population, different reference charts were used to estimate number of cases with microcephaly.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>A statistically significant difference of HC between the genders was observed across all gestational ages. Gender-specific reference charts and equation were computed. Our revised fetal HC chart showed a different distribution from the Hadlock chart. Compared with the gender-specific charts, the Hadlock HC chart would significantly under-report microcephaly cases in male fetuses, and tend to over-report in female fetuses.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>This study provides a new set of gender-specific fetal HC charts in the Singaporean population for antenatal ultrasound surveillance of microcephaly.</p>

Adsorptive Granulocyte and Monocyte Apheresis in the Treatment of Ulcerative Colitis: The First Multicenter Study in China

BACKGROUND/AIMS: Patients with active ulcerative colitis (UC) have elevated levels of activated myeloid-derived leukocytes as a source of inflammatory cytokines. The selective depletion of these leukocytes by adsorptive granulocyte/monocyte apheresis (GMA) with an Adacolumn should alleviate inflammation, promote remission and enhance drug efficacy. However, studies have reported contrasting efficacy outcomes based on patients’ baseline demographic variables. This study was undertaken to understand the demographic features of GMA responders and nonresponders. METHODS: This was a multicenter study in China involving four institutions and 34 patients with active UC. Baseline conventional medications were continued without changing the dosage. The treatment efficacy was evaluated based on the endoscopic activity index and the Mayo score. RESULTS: Thirty of the 34 patients completed all 10 GMA treatment sessions. The overall efficacy rate was 70.59%. The receiver operating characteristic analysis showed that the area under the curve was approximately 0.766 for a Mayo score of ≤5.5 with 0.273 specificity and 0.857 sensitivity (Youden index, 0.584) for GMA responders. No GMA-related serious adverse events were observed. CONCLUSIONS: The overall efficacy of GMA in patients with active UC who were taking first-line medications or were corticosteroid refractory was encouraging. Additionally, GMA was well tolerated and had a good safety profile.

Oxidative stress of mitochondrial injury mechanism and targeted antioxidant in sepsis / 国际儿科学杂志

Mitochondria is an important part of cell oxidation, but oxidative stress in sepsis as end product of inflammation will cause changes of mitochondria, leading to organ damage. In general, antioxidant defense system fights oxidative stress through the interaction and prevents mitochondrial injury. Oxidative stress plays a important role in organ dysfunction. Studies have found that the targeted therapies for mitochondrial antioxidants may be a new strategy of multiple organ failure caused by sepsis. This review aims to summarize researches on oxidative stress of mitochondrial injury mechanism and targeted antioxidants in sepsis .

Trends in etiologies of chronic pancreatitis within 20 years: analysis of 636 cases / 中华医学杂志(英文版)

<p><b>BACKGROUND</b>The prevalence of chronic pancreatitis has increased during recent years in Asia-Pacific areas as well as in China. The etiologies vary in different regions and periods. This study aimed to investigate the changing etiologies of chronic pancreatitis within 20 years at Peking Union Medical College Hospital in China.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Retrospective analysis of the etiologies of 636 cases of chronic pancreatitis at Peking Union Medical College Hospital from 1990 to 2010 was performed. Patients were divided into two groups according to two time periods (1990 - 2000 and 2001 - 2010). Statistical analysis was performed using the chi-square test.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The morbidity rate of chronic pancreatitis in China has recently increased. The main etiology changed from biliary diseases in the 1990s (decreased from 36.8% to 28.1%) to alcohol abuse after the year 2000 (increased from 26.5% to 36.8%). The main etiology of biliary diseases is stones in the cholecyst or bile duct, and the percentage of cholecystitis cases has increased. Autoimmune disease, including autoimmune pancreatitis, has increased quickly and currently accounts for 7.3% of cases because a greater number of autoimmune pancreatitis cases are being diagnosed. Approximately 9.5% of chronic pancreatitis cases are caused by multiple factors such as alcohol abuse and bile duct stones. Other factors include cholecystectomy and acute pancreatitis.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>The main etiology of chronic pancreatitis has changed from biliary disease to alcohol abuse in recent years. Autoimmune factors have also obviously increased.</p>

Effects of electroacupuncture on tumor growth and immune function in the Walker-256 model rat / 中国针灸

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To study the effect of acupuncture on tumor and its mechanism.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Liver cancer, gastric cancer and hypodermic tumor rat models were made by implantation of replicated Walker-256 cell strain. The 3 model rats were respectively divided into two groups at random, a model control group and an electroacupuncture group. The electroacupuncture groups were treated with electroacupuncture (EA) at "Zusanli" (ST 36), "Hegu" (LI 4) and "San-yinjiao" (SP 6), once each day, 15 min one session, for 15 days. The gross tumor volume and the tumor inhibitory rate, and the levels of humoral immunity index, including serum 1gG, IgM, IgA and C3, C4, and the levels of cellular immunity index, including CD4+, CD8+ and CD4+/CD8+ in the peripheral blood in each group were detected.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The gross tumor volumes in the EA groups were significantly smaller than those in the model control group (P<0.01). The contents of IgG, IgM and C3 in the EA groups increased significantly compared with those in the model control group (P<0.05 or P<0.01). The contents of IgA and C4 in the EA groups did not significantly change (P>0.05). The content of CD4+ and CD4+/CD8+ in the EA groups are significantly higher than those in the model control group (P<0.05 or P<0.01).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Acupuncture at "Zusanli" (ST 36), "Hegu" (LI 4) and "Sanyinjiao" (SP 6) can increase immune function and inhibit tumor growth in Walker-256 liver cancer, gastric cancer and hypodermic tumor rats.</p>

Effects of occupational noise exposure on norepinephrine in peripheral blood and cardiovascular system / 中华劳动卫生职业病杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To study the effects of noise on bioactivity of norepinephrine (NE) and cardiovascular system.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>A total of 130 workers exposed to the occupational noise in one enterprise were selected as noise exposure group, and 134 workers not exposed to the occupational noise and other poisons served as control group. Fasting venous blood was drawn to determine the content of NE in peripheral blood with ELISA. According to Occupational Health Surveillance Manage regulations, the occupational noise exposures crowd was examined.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The average of NE in exposure group was (0.1387 +/- 0.099) ng/ml, and (0.1019 +/- 0.080) ng/ml in control group. There was significant difference in NE between exposure and control group. There was significant difference in the detection rate of BP, HR and ECG between exposure and control group.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The occupation noise can increase the NE in peripheral blood, and maybe affects the cardiovascular system in this way.</p>